浅谈传统礼仪文化与大学生思想道德教育

中共中央、国务院前一段时间针对大学生思想政治教育问题联合下发了一个意见，充分体现了党和国家对大学生思想道德教育的重视。当代大学生的思想政治状况的主流是积极、健康、向上的，但是也存在一些不容忽视的问题，其中一个重要的方面是礼仪素质的欠缺。当代大学生在日常生活中失礼的现象在一定范围内是普遍存在的，解决这个问题当然需要综合治理，而对他们进行礼仪教育是重要的手段之一，在这个方面，我们需要从传统文化中汲取营养。     

SiC/CVD SiC复合涂层的抗氧化及抗热震性能研究

为了提高C/SiC复合材料耐高温性能,采用泥浆浸渍裂解与真空化学气相沉积(CVD)在材料表面制备了SiC/CVD SiC复合涂层,通过XRD、SEM分析了涂层组成与结构;研究了复合涂层的高温抗氧化(700～1 500℃)和抗热震性能。结果表明,泥浆浸渍法制备的SiC涂层具有一定的封孔效果,可使材料开孔率下降,但高温抗氧化效果并不佳,1 200℃氧化10 min后材料弯曲强度保留率下降明显仅有86%。CVD SiC涂层结构致密,与SiC封孔涂层结合较好,在700～1 500℃具有较好的抗氧化效果,随着氧化温度的升高,氧化后涂层完好,表面O元素逐渐增加,材料失重率缓慢增加但不大于0.5%,且材料性能并未下降。涂层材料在1 200℃-10 min短时热震5次后材料弯曲强度保留率仍有95%以上,且未出现开裂、剥落等热震损伤。在1 200℃-30 min长时热震10次后,涂层材料基本被完全氧化,材料失去保护作用,弯曲强度下降至90%左右。     

Assessment of between-floor structural and topological properties on cognitive map development in multilevel built environments

The present study investigated cognitive map development in multilevel built environments. Three experiments were conducted in complex virtual buildings to examine the effects of five between-floor structural factors that may impede the accuracy of humans’ ability to build multilevel cognitive maps. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 (of three experiments) revealed that difficulties in developing multilevel cognitive maps are not solely caused by the z-axis offset, as is suggested in the literature, but are due to the factorial combination of a between-floor overlap and a z-axis offset. Results from Experiment 2 showed that this process becomes substantially more difficult when the reference directions between different floors have an angular offset from each other. Finally, results from Experiment 3 demonstrated that confusing between-floor heading shifts in aligned buildings did not make it reliably harder to build multilevel cognitive maps. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theories of mental representations in multilayered three-dimensional spaces, as well as for architectural design.     

C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀形貌和烧蚀机理

以PAN预氧化纤维整体毡为增强体,经碳化、等温CVI致密化后制备多孔的C/C复合材料预制体,利用气体压力浸渗法将Cu引入C/C预制体中制备C/C-Cu复合材料。采用氢氧(H2-O2)焰考核C/C-Cu复合材料的烧蚀性能,经扫描电镜和电子能谱对不同烧蚀区域的微观结构和成分进行分析,结果表明:预制体密度为0.96 g/cm3的C/C-Cu复合材料的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为4.75μm/s、0.223 mg/s,烧蚀性能优良;其烧蚀表面具有不同的宏观形貌,在烧蚀中心区产生了明显的凹坑,主要烧蚀机制为C/C预制体的氧化和铜基体的机械冲刷;烧蚀过渡区聚集了大量的铜基体,其烧蚀机制为Cu的热氧化和机械冲刷;烧蚀边缘区材料表面变黑,主要因为C/C的氧化。为了提高C/C-Cu的烧蚀性能,需要发挥C/C预制体的"钉扎"作用,阻止Cu在高温下被气流冲刷而发生流动。     

硅化物涂层电子束重熔表面改性技术

在Nb521铌合金表面采用料浆烧结法制备硅化物涂层,利用高频扫描电子束对硅化物涂层进行重熔处理,通过扫描电子显微镜对处理样品表面形貌进行组织结构分析。研究表明,经过电子束重熔处理,硅化物涂层表面陶瓷晶粒粒度降低,表面粗糙度降低,陶瓷颗粒之间烧结作用增强,重熔区域与未处理区域具有明显的边界,电子束能量分布较均匀,电子束重熔提高了硅化物涂层的抗氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of a Rotor Roller Bearing System with Radial Clearances and Waviness Considered

A rotor system supported by roller beatings displays very complicated nonlinear behaviors due to nonlinear Hertzian contact forces, radial clearances and bearing waviness. This paper presents nonlinear bearing forces of a roller bearing under four-dimensional loads and establishes 4-DOF dynamics equations of a rotor roller bearing system. The methods of Newmark-β and of Newton-Laphson are used to solve the nonlinear equations. The dynamics behaviors of a rigid rotor system are studied through the bifurcation, the Poincar è maps, the spectrum diagrams and the axis orbit of responses of the system. The results show that the system is liable to undergo instability caused by the quasi-periodic bifurcation, the periodic-doubling bifurcation and chaos routes as the rotational speed increases. Clearances, outer race waviness, inner race waviness, roller waviness, damping, radial forces and unbalanced forces-all these bring a significant influence to bear on the system stability. As the clearance increases, the dynamics behaviors become complicated with the number and the scale of instable regions becoming larger. The vibration frequencies induced by the roller bearing waviness and the orders of the waviness might cause severe vibrations. The system is able to eliminate non-periodic vibration by reasonable choice and optimization of the parameters.     

受超声激励韧性金属的特殊力学行为分析

通过在自行开发和建立的超声激励材料拉伸实验系统上 ,对紫铜和低碳钢受超声激励作用下材料力学行为进行实验研究 ,以此为基础建立韧性金属材料在超声激励作用下的本构方程 ,探讨材料的一些特殊表现 ,如屈服点降低、硬化率降低和延伸率降低等。并对韧性金属材料的蠕变断裂行为进行分析 ,对这些特殊现象的形成机理进行初步探讨。结果表明理论分析与实验结果是一致的。     

包渗法制备Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料MoSi2-SiC-Si防氧化涂层

采用包渗法制备了Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料MoSi2-SiC-Si防氧化涂层,研究了渗层同埋粉关系,包渗时间对包渗结果的影响,并对涂层防氧化性能进行了分析,结果表明：包渗法制得的涂层致密,无裂纹,涂层起到了良好的防氧化作用,1400度在空气中氧化1h后试样的质量保留率为94．1％,保留强度为294．0MPa。     

草酸阳极氧化新工艺及其应用

采用硫酸－草酸复合阳极氧化工艺，即在草酸阳极氧化前在硫酸溶液中氧化若干分钟，以避免零件发生烧蚀现象，同时能够提高草酸溶液的耐氯离子能力，而且适用于含铜铝合金。草酸溶液中添加１～５ｍＬ／Ｌ甲酸，可以消除氧化膜中的小白点现象。     

Kinetics of gas-Grain Reactions in the Solar Nebula

Thermochemical equilibrium calculations predict gas phase, gas-grain, and solid phase reactions as a function of pressure and temperature in the solar nebula. However, chemical reactions proceed at different rates, which generally decrease exponentially with decreasing temperature. At sufficiently low temperatures (which vary depending on the specific reaction) there may not have been enough time for the predicted equilibrium chemistry to have taken place before the local environment cooled significantly or before the gaseous solar nebula was dispersed. As a consequence, some of the high temperature chemistry established in sufficiently hot regions of the solar nebula may be quenched or frozen in without the production of predicted low temperature phases. Experimental studies and theoretical models of three exemplary low temperature reactions, the formation of troilite (FeS), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and hydrous silicates, have been done to quantify these ideas. A comparison of the chemical reaction rates with the estimated nebular lifetime of 0.1-10 million years indicates that troilite formation proceeded to completion in the solar nebula. Magnetite formation was much slower and only thin magnetite rims could have formed on metal grains. Hydrous silicate formation is predicted to be even slower, and hydrous silicates in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles probably formed later on the parent bodies of these objects, instead of in the solar nebula. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.